Posted on

THE SICK LEAVE ACT 2022

The Sick Leave Act 2022 became law on the 20th of July 2022 and has now commenced.  The provisions of the Act are to be phased in over a four-year period and the Employees Sick Pay entitlement will start once the law is commenced. The scheme will commence with three days per year rising to five days payable in 2023 and, seven days payable in 2024.  It will be the latest in a series of actions that have improved social protections for workers and the self-employed over the last five years, including:

    • paternity benefit
    • parental leave benefit
    • enhanced maternity benefit
    • treatment benefit
    • the extension of social insurance benefits to the self-employed

Main provisions of the Act:

    • 70% of an employees wage, subject to a daily threshold of €110. This may be revised over time by ministerial order in line with inflation and changing incomes.  The rate of 70% and the daily cap are set to ensure excessive costs are not placed solely on employers, who in certain sectors may also have to deal with the cost of replacing staff who are out sick at short notice.
    • Employees must have a minimum of six months service with the employer to be eligible to receive statutory sick pay.
    • It applies to both fixed term and part time employees.
    • The employee must be medically certified as unfit to work. The Employer must deduct taxes in the normal manner.  Once the entitlement to statutory sick pay from the employer ends, employees who need to take more time off may qualify for illness benefit from the Department of Social Protection subject to PRSI contributions.
    • Employers should be aware that the draft legislation will not erode existing contractual rights where an employee’s current contractual entitlement to sick pay exceeds the amount of paid sick leave envisaged by the draft legislation.
    • The Act does not provide for any further top up of salary for the employee and nor will any compensation scheme be provided for employers to assist them with the costs of sick pay.

It is envisaged that Employers will eventually cover the cost of 10 sick days per year in 2025. The Legislation is being phased in to help employers, particularly small businesses, to plan ahead and manage the additional cost, which has been capped.  Therefore, businesses around the country must now make provision for this new regime and consider where changes to existing policies are required once the scheme is introduced. The right to sick pay will be legally enforceable by employees through the Workplace Relations Commission and the Courts and will be another arsenal in an Employees complaint against an Employer.  If you are an employer who is concerned about issues surrounding Sick Pay policies and need to review your employment contracts, contact our Employment Law Expert Anthony Shields by telephone on 021 239 0620 or by email: Anthony.shields@mdmsolictiors.ie

Posted on

Delaney v The Personal Injuries Board & ors – Supreme Court Appeal against the Personal Injuries Guidelines

The long anticipated appeal by the Plaintiff to the Supreme Court against the Personal Injuries Guidelines was heard over the course of two days this week. The appeal was heard by a seven-Judge Court, comprising four Supreme Court judges – Mr Justice Maurice Collins, Mr Justice Gerard Hogan, Mr Justice Peter Charleton and Mr Justice Brian Murray – and three Court of Appeal judges, Ms Justice Máire Whelan, Ms Justice Mary Faherty and Mr Justice Robert Haughton.

The action challenges guidelines drafted by the Personal Injuries Guidelines Committee of the Judicial Council, as required by the 2019 Act. They came into force in April 2021, after they were approved by a majority of the 146 members of the Judicial Council.

The Plaintiff’s legal team submitted that the guidelines interfered with the independence of the Courts and her rights and the passing of the guidelines in March 2021 was a “legislative act cloaked in a veneer of judicial action” and amounted to an unconstitutional interference with judicial independence.

They argue that the Personal Injuries Assessment Board acted outside its powers in assessing her claim under the guidelines and subsequently breached her rights to natural and constitutional justice. It is alleged the Judicial Council acted outside of its powers in adopting the guidelines.

Lawyers on behalf of the State have indicated that Judges can depart from the guidelines if they feel the award does not do an injury justice. Eoin McCullough SC, on behalf of the State, stressed that the guidelines are not legislation due to the fact judges can depart from them.
Mr. McCullough SC responded to a number of hypothetical scenarios, raised by the seven panel Court, where judges might be entitled to make a higher award than is set out in the guidelines.

Mr. McCullough SC submitted that while judges were expected to follow the guidelines, if they believed these figures were “simply wrong”, the Judicial Council Act of 2019 provided for a departure.
When asked by Mr Justice Murray if “mere disagreement” with a value given in the guidelines allowed for departure, Mr McCullough submitted it did as long as other principles, such as proportionality, were observed and reasons set out.

Responding to the submissions put forward on behalf of the State, Feichín McDonagh SC, for Ms Delaney, said the guidelines arose out of a process “forced” on the judiciary by the Oireachtas. Mr. McDonagh SC said the fact no judge who was not a member of the Judicial Council could hear this appeal spoke to the fact the March 2021 decision “crosses and recrosses the boundaries” between the judiciary and the executive.

The Court has reserved its decision and a judgment is now awaited.

Posted on

Cyber Monday and Online Purchases What are your rights?

It is predicted that 42% of Irish Consumers plan to shop the Cyber Monday sales this year, an increase of 10% on 2021, with the most popular purchase to be electronic.  But what happens when you are not happy with your purchase? What are your rights under Irish Law?

Under S.I. 484 / 2013 EU (Consumer Information, Cancellation and Other Rights) Regulations 2003 a consumer can return an item purchased online from any Company based in the EU within 14 days of purchase. This is known as the consumer’s right to a cooling off period and the item can be returned within 14 days from the date of receiving the item, with no explanation required (provided that the item purchased was not personalized for the consumer by the Company).

Regulation 2 of the 2013 Regulations defines a ‘consumer’ as a natural person who is acting for purposes which are outside the person’s trade, business, craft or profession. Conversely, a ‘trader’ is a natural or legal person who is acting for purposes related to their trade, business or profession.

The 2013 Regulations provide that consumers have a ‘cooling-off period’ within which they can decide to cancel the contract. This period is 14 days from the date of conclusion of the contract, save for sales contracts, where the period begins when the consumer receives the goods. Consequently, a consumer must be reimbursed for the money paid if they gave notice to the Company within 14 days to the effect that they would like to cancel the contract. Should the consumer invoke their right of cancellation, they must return the item to the Company within 14 days, unless the Company agrees to collect it. Either way, the Company must reimburse the Consumer for their costs of returning the item (Regulation 20(2)).

If the Company resists any cancellation pursuant to the above regulations, the consumer can seek enforcement by way of District Court Proceedings (via the small claims procedure if less than €5,000) and also issue a complaint to the Competition and Consumer Protection Commission and to the European Consumer Centre.

Posted on

Improved Family Justice System on the cards

On the 16th November 2022 the Minister of Justice published the Family Justice Strategy 2022-2025.  This plan was created over a period of two years by the Family Justice Oversight Group and ushers in a new era for the Family Justice System, with the needs of children at the centre thereof, giving children voices to be heard and considered, and supporting them in their own individual journey through the Family Justice System.

The strategy also aims to promote the increased use of digital solutions for families to access and legal professionals to participate in the family justice system (digitalisation), the increased use of non-court options to resolve disputes (Alternative Dispute Resolution)

New legislation will also be introduced to establish dedicated Family Courts and to formulate bespoke Rules of Court for family law proceedings.

The aforesaid reform is to be welcomed and certainly a step in the right direction.

If you would like to arrange a consultation or would like further information please get in touch with Mornè Gouws of our office via phone or email morne.gouws@mdmsolicitors.ie

Posted on

HSE DATA BREACH – NOVEMBER 2022 UPDATE

 

The recent ransomware attack on the HSE I.T. systems causing Hospitals and G.P practices to shut down some 18 months ago has once again been the highlight of media reports in the last few weeks.  While the focus has been the immediate disruption caused, the potential exposure of sensitive citizens data is now well known.

Data breaches by the HSE are not uncommon.  In February of this year, a new Covid-19 vaccination rollout I.T. system was established and backed by Salesforce CRM and IBM who won a State Tender to provide the service.  However due to 52 data access points within the system, a significant data breach occurred mainly due to employee error.

Furthermore, it was reported recently that warnings were made about “weaknesses” in the Health Service Executive’s computer systems three years ago.  Issues were identified with “security controls” and “disaster recovery protocols” by internal audits which were flagged in HSE annual reports for two years in a row.

The HSE have commenced contacting those affected (approximately 112,000 individuals) with the first 300 being contacted this month.  The HSE have allowed themselves until April 2023 to contact all those affected.

WHAT DOES THIS MEAN FOR THE IRISH PUBLIC?

 

Due to the ransomware attacks and previous data breaches, an enormous amount of sensitive data to include PPS Numbers, date of births and other personal records can be sold online on the Dark Web to the highest bidder who with the use of social engineering can use this information for fraudulent purposes at a significant cost to the victims whose data has been used in this way.   For such victims, the main recourse is to pursue a claim under the GDPR Regulations which are governed in Ireland under the Data Protection Act 2018.

There are two avenues of complaint:

  1. A complaint to the Data Protection Commissioner (DPC)

As the DPC can reach findings about whether there has been a breach, the DPC cannot award compensation but if liability is in question, then the DPC may be able to clarify the matter before proceedings are issued.

  1. A Data Protection Action in either the Circuit Court or High Court under S.117 Data Protection Act 2018.

 

Under GDPR a data controller or a data processor such as the HSE must contact you and inform you that your personal data has been breached.  However due to the recent media coverage it may be disproportionate for the HSE to establish contact.  If you believe your data has been breached, you should contact the HSE directly to clarify whether it has.

 

Prior to the GDPR, the Irish High Court held that only material damage was compensable.  However, Article 82 of the GDPR establishes a right to compensation for a data subject who has suffered either material or non- material damages as a result of the breach.  Such loss has been difficult to quantify but recent persuasive UK Authorities have ruled that compensation can be awarded for loss of control over personal data, even where there was no pecuniary damage or distress.   However, in Ireland, it will be necessary to show such loss from a psychological point of view.  The Irish Courts have repeatedly ruled that upset or distress short of psychiatric injury is not recoverable in tort. Therefore, you would have to make a claim through the Personal Injury Assessment Board for a claim for such injury and to do so within 2 years despite the fact that the GDPR statute allows for 6 years.  It may be the case that any such data used for fraudulent purposes will allow one 6 years to take a case to the Circuit or High Court for material damage.

 

In the last month, the HSE has started to contact the 112,000 individuals affected by this and have allowed themselves until April 2023 to notify those affected.  This is alarming to say the least as personal data can be used to create fake bank account, PPS Numbers and fake identities for numerous criminal activities with a potential personal financial loss for those affected.

 

If you have been affected and have been contacted by the HSE, then do not hesitate to contact us on 021 2390620 or email: anthony.shields@mdmsolicitors.ie and a member of our specialised privacy and data protection experts will be able to advise you.